Circular Brackets · Data Lab

The Data Lab

Fifty tournaments of knockout football, turned into data. Elo models, probability, and rankings — each study built to be read at a glance and shared.

● Live · Directory

Players

Every knockout player in the archive — goals, assists and stat lines, every goal traced on the brackets — across the World Cup, Euros, Champions League and Europa League.

8,502Cristiano Ronaldo leads with 71
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Clubs

Every club and national team from our players' career records — open any to see all the archive players who wore the shirt.

3612clubs & national teams linked
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The Improbability Index

Every knockout run that beat the odds, ranked by how unlikely it was for that team — from mildly surprising down to Greece 2004.

1 in 93the most improbable run of all
Explore the index →
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Path Difficulty Index

Not how unlikely — how hard. Every champion's road ranked by the gauntlet of opponents a benchmark contender would have to survive.

1 in 138the hardest road to a trophy
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Coming soon

Monte Carlo Predictor

Before the next tournament kicks off: 100,000 simulations off current Elo, and every team's odds of lifting the trophy — with a calibration check when it's over.

In the lab
Coming soon

Penalty Shootout Lab

Every knockout shootout in the archive: which nations hold their nerve, which bottle it, and just how close to a coin-flip it really is.

In the lab

Built on the same Elo pipeline as the brackets — World Football Elo for nations, ClubElo for clubs, both point-in-time. New studies land here as they're built. Curious how any number is made? Read the methodology & data coverage page.